Antananarivo — universally shortened to Tana — is Madagascar's capital and the gateway to the world's fourth-largest island. It sits on a ridge 1,276 metres above sea level in the central highlands, a city of 1.4 million laid out on 12 sacred hills with the restored Rova (Queen's Palace) at the highest point. The international airport is Ivato (TNR), 16 km north of the centre — a 45-minute drive on the RN4 that becomes an hour in evening traffic. Almost every international arrival to Madagascar enters through TNR. Most visitors spend 1-2 nights in Tana before continuing to one of the national parks or beach zones. The must-do city-day covers the Rova (with views across all 12 hills), the Digue market for vanilla, cloves, and embroidered crafts, the Tsimbazaza botanical and zoo gardens for a first encounter with lemurs and chameleons, and dinner in Haute-Ville (upper town) at places like Le Marais, Kudeta Urban Hotel, or the Colbert. The cuisine is a Malagasy-French fusion — expect romazava (beef-and-greens broth), koba (rice-peanut-banana dumpling), and foie gras from the French-influenced producers. Onward travel for wildlife: Andasibe-Mantadia National Park is 3.5 hours east by car and the standard first-national-park for indri lemurs and leaf-tailed geckos. Ranomafana (8-hour drive south) has the rainforest sifaka population. Isalo (14 hours south, or a short domestic flight to Fianarantsoa and onward) is the classic hiking park. Most wildlife itineraries link a 2-3 week loop starting and ending at TNR; organised tour operators are the standard way to do it. Visit April-November for the cooler, dry season (12-22°C in Tana, chilly at night at highland altitude). December-March is the rainy season and cyclone window — internal flights and roads suffer. Malagasy Ariary (MGA) is cash-heavy; USD and EUR are easy to exchange at Ivato or hotels. Most non-SADC passports need an e-Visa (evisamada.gov.mg) or visa-on-arrival; English is limited, French is the working foreign language, and Malagasy is the national tongue.