Cordoba Central Station (XOJ) is a railway station in Andalusia, not an airport, so the honest answer to does Cordoba have an airport lounge is no: there is no commercial airport here to house one. Travellers exploring Cordoba's historic Mezquita-Catedral and old quarter before continuing to the coast often ask this exact question, and the honest starting point is simply that Cordoba's transport role is rail, not aviation. This is a stop on the AVE high-speed line linking Madrid with Seville and Malaga, and the lounge question really belongs to those two cities' airports rather than to Cordoba itself.
Travellers passing through Cordoba by rail on their way to a flight are usually heading to Seville Airport (SVQ) or Malaga-Costa del Sol Airport (AGP), both of which do operate lounge access for premium and airline-status travellers. Seville's airport serves as the regional gateway for western Andalusia, with airline lounges and Priority Pass-style network coverage available to qualifying travellers, while Malaga, one of Spain's busiest coastal hubs, offers a broader spread of airline and third-party lounge options given its much higher volume of international traffic.
Neither airport's lounge lineup should be assumed fixed; network coverage and card-based access change over time, so confirm your specific credential, whether that is airline status, a premium credit card, or a lounge membership, against the current listing for Seville or Malaga before you fly rather than relying on general assumptions. Cordoba itself offers none of this, since it is purely a rail interchange.
For most people asking about a cordoba airport lounge, the practical guidance is simple: enjoy Cordoba by train, and plan your lounge access around whichever of Seville or Malaga your onward flight actually departs from. Check that airport's current Priority Pass, credit-card, or airline-lounge listing close to your travel date, since access terms at Andalusia's two main gateways can shift from one year to the next.